Optical properties of functional polymers and nano engineering applications provides a basic introduction to the optical properties of polymers, as well as a systematic overview of the latest developments in their nano engineering applications. Threedimensional photonic circuits in rigid and soft. Discrepancies appeared among the results obtained by various experimenters and it was soon determined that these were the result of differences in the methods used to prepare the samples. Thickness dependence of the optical properties of ordered.
Chapter 4 nonlinear optical properties of conducting polymers this chapter presents the synthesis, linear and nonlinear optical properties of conducting polymers. Whereas only a very small amount of water will normally attach to. The good optical properties, combined with its biocompatibility and. Optical properties of metals 343 interested in measuring either the reflectiity66the absorption or coefficient and have not determined the optical constants. In the case of foods, the main optical property considered by consumers in evaluating quality is color, followed by gloss and translucency or turbidity among other properties. Threedimensional networks can be hydrophilic andor hygroscopic. Optical properties of polymers and their applications digital. Optical properties of functional polymers and nano. The reagent used to initiate the polymerization reaction. What are the physical properties that will distinguish the. Optical properties glasses are among the few solids that transmit visible light thin film oxides might, but scattering from grains limit their thickness mica windows at acoma pueblo glasses form the basic elements of virtually all optical systems. But as we shall see other factors also come into the picture when dealing with optical properties optical operating in or employing in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum or relating to sight, especially in. Characterization and optical and dielectric properties of. Natural polymers these polymers are found in nature generally from plants and animals sources.
The optical response of individual nanoparticles is strongly influenced by their structures. However, is it well known that polymers experience a depletion of all the properties upon recycling. Dispersion properties of optical polymers article pdf available in acta physica polonica series a 1164. Topic 7 optical properties of polymers part 1 youtube. The monomer polymerized or the monomers copolymerized. Mark polymer research center and department of chemistry university of cincinnati cincinnati, ohio. Forexample, electronrichorganicdopants,dissolvedinpolymers,causea pronounced increase in the refractive index. Silica nanoparticles were synthesized by a solgel method and mixed with different amounts of polyvinyl chloride pvc to get nanocomposite films. Optical properties of polymers 1986th edition by g. The hdt of udel psu is 174 c 345 f, while those of veradel pesu and radel ppsu are 204 c 399 f and 207 c 405 f, respectively. These effects have been widely characterized in the literature for what concerns the mechanical or rheological properties. Covering an increasingly important class of materials relevant not only in academic research but also in industry, this.
The samples were characterized by xrd, hrtem, sem, and ftir. Optical properties many of the optical properties are closely related to the electrical properties of the material. A polymer dataset for accelerated property prediction and. Also, the density of branched polymers is lower than that of linearchain polymers as branches interfere with the packing efficiency of polymer chains.
Thus an abundance of further chemical transformations are possible. While there has been much important work on such properties of solutions as streaming birefringence and light scattering, space does not permit their inclusion. The wideranging optical properties observed in solid state materials can be classified into a small number of general phenomena. In some cases, the optical properties of polyethylene are important from an aesthetic standpoint. Very strong interatomic bonding exists in ceramics which may ionic. Additives are used to to improve mechanical properties, reduce cost. The simplest group, namely reflection, propagation and transmission, is illustrated in fig.
Optical, mechanical, and electrical properties of polymer. With such a large and varied array to choose from, it is important to understand a materials physical and optical properties before making a selection. Attention is drawn to the remarkable variety of chemical groups such as esters, chlorides, alcohols etc, which can be present in polymers of different types. Paul street po box 31091 rochester, ny 146031091 tollfree 800. Physical, optical and electrical properties of food material. Taylor macrocycle synthesis edited by david parker highpressure techniques in chemistry and physics edited by wilfried b. Zscan technique was employed to determine the sign and magnitude of thirdorder nonlinear optical susceptibility. High resolution transmission electron microscopy hrtem proved that the average particle size of the nanosilica is 15 nm.
Composites of carbon nanotubes cnts in polymeric materials have attracted considerable attention in the research and industrial communities due to their unique optical, mechanical, and electrical. A primary reason that polymer properties are different is because the chemical compositions of metals, polymers and ceramics are totally different. Following processing, the water will be reabsorbed if the surfaces are not treated to inhibit absorption. Their numerical estimation and prediction from additive group contributions summarizes the latest developments regarding polymers, their properties in relation to chemical structure, and methods for estimating and predicting numerical properties from chemical structure. Elsevier applied science publishers, 1986 science 398 pages. In more complicated situations, numerical solutions are nec. Characterization of optical properties of optical polymers article pdf available in optical and quantum electronics 453 march 2012 with 2,036 reads how we measure reads. The following variables can be controlled when producing a polymer. Properties of common optical polymers syntec optics. Optical properties of polymer nanocomposites article pdf available in bulletin of materials science 3. Sbcs have been used as dielectric actuators8,9 or as a base for polymerceramic nanocomposites,1012 but measurements of the dielectric properties of these materials have generally been in the subgigahertz regime. Due to their broad range of properties, both synthetic and natural polymers play essential and ubiquitous roles in everyday life.
Understand polymerization reactions with classification, structure, types, properties and uses of polymers. Optical properties are those material properties resulting from physical phenomena occurring when any form of light interacts with the material under consideration. Mechanicalpropertiesof polymers harvard university. Polymeric matrices offer a wide and powerful platform for integrated photonics, complementary to the wellestablished silicon photonics technology.
In all cases, the optical properties of a polyethylene sample depend on its molecular structure. Properties of polymers handbook second edition edited by james e. As aforementioned, the optical properties of polymers strongly depend on the preparation conditions, as shown in table 1. Mark distinguished research professor department of chemistry crosley tower, martin luther king drive. After nucleation, growth in most polymers is faster in one preferred direction. Optical, mechanical, and electrical properties of these materials encompass many fields of technology.
The possibility to integrate, on the same chip, different customized materials allows for many functionalities, like the ability to dynamically control the spectral properties of single optical components. Nonlinear optical properties of abxpolymer sciencedirect. Purchase physical properties and applications of polymer nanocomposites 1st edition. This shows a light beam incident on an optical medium. Colvin1, 1department of chemistry and center for nanoscale science and technology, rice university, ms60, 6100 main street. Optical properties of polymers optical properties of polymers stein, r s. In other cases, the interest is practical, as in being able to see the liquid level inside a bottle. Hydroxypropylcellulose hpc is one of the most studied ethers of native cellulose, whose diluted solutions display good transparency, while its concentrated solutions present optical properties typical to cholesteric liquid crystals 9. Mechanicalpropertiesof polymers kamyardavoudi october,20 materialsscienceseminar.
Lecture notes polymer physics materials science and. Semisynthetic polymers these polymers are obtained from natural polymers by simple chemical treatment to change the physical properties of natural polymers like starch, silicones. Since crystallisation in polymers follows a different process to that in metals the laying down of successive lamellar layers of polymer chain it produces a different structure. Preparation of plastic optical fibers for nearir region. Properties of common optical polymers unit acrylic acrylic copolymer polystyrene polyetherimide polycarbonate methylpentene abs cyclic olefin polymer nylon nas san trade name plexiglas uvt styron ultem lexan tpx acrylon zeonex polyamide methyl styrene acrylonitrile refractive index nf 486. Polymers classification, types, uses, properties, polymerization. Chapter 4 nonlinear optical properties of conducting polymers. Nonlinear optical nlo materials photonic and optical. Characterization of optical properties of optical polymers.
Why are some polymers transparent see through and some are opaque not see through. Mechanicalproperties of polymers kamyardavoudi october,20 materialsscienceseminar. Successively, we will discuss the con ducting, ferromagnetic, and nonlinear optical properties of polymers. Its all to do with the structure of the polymer molecules. A unique combination of properties in addition to good optical properties, sulfone polymers offer some of the highest heat deflection temperatures among amorphous polymers. Physical properties and data of optical materials crc. Organic nlo materials are often superior to inorganics in terms of their response speed, optical clarity, and the magnitude of their thirdorder susceptibility. Optical properties of dielectric and semiconductor thin films 3 analytic solutions can be given if we assume that the incident wave is a pure wave and that the boundary layers are regular.
The behavior of branched polymers can be compared to that of linearchain polymers by making an analogy with a pile of tree branches branched polymers and a bundle of straight logs linear. As examples, water softening agents and solid phase synthesis of proteins and oligonucleotides are described. Optical characterization and properties of polymeric. Mostof these polymers have been blended with different polymer materials or composites and inorganic materials to enhance the optical properties of polymer systems. Describe the properties of each material in the set, paying particular attention to how the polymers are different from each other. Since polymers are often used as clear plastics or coatings and have many applications in which transparency is an important property, a knowledge of the optical properties of specific polymers is essential. Physical properties and data of optical materials crc press book research and applications in optical engineering require careful selection of materials. Physical properties of polymers include molecular weight, molar volume, density, degree of polymerization, crystallinity of material, and so on.
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